Aarti Jain, Thavavel Vaiyapuri, and Gopal Chaudhary. Key Player Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (KPA-PSO) for Efficient Relay Nodes Positioning in WSNs. Dynamic Systems and Applications 30 (2021) No.5, 841- 863

https://doi.org/10.46719/dsa202130511

ABSTRACT:
Amongst the principal tasks of a sensor node in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) i.e. sensing, processing and communicating, communicating the information to the base station is the most energy expensive. Both direct communication and multi-hop communication between sensor nodes(SNs) and the base station(BS) lead to low network lifetime due to inherent problems within the techniques. Due to this, relay nodes (RNs), more powerful than SNs are deployed within the network to share the transmission load of the SNs and to improve network lifetime. In literature, several methods are proposed to identify the optimum positions for RNs with primary objective to increase network lifetime. Most of the methods have identified the deployment positions in an incremental manner (one after one). In the proposed work, a computationally intelligent solution named as Key Player Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (KPA-PSO) has been developed for identifying the positions to deploy a set of RNs in a two-tiered network model. This method enables selection of a set of optimal number of RN positions to improve connectivity within the network and reduce the energy consumption during data transmission. The novelty of the proposed solution is in using KPP-Positive [1] as objective function for finding set of RN positions, which has been further optimized by using PSO. This approach has been tested for different number of SNs and different field sizes. The proposed method has been compared with State-of-the-Art RN deployment techniques. As per the results, the proposed method has better performance in terms of both connectivity and network lifetime.

Keywords: – Relay Node Placement, Connectivity, Network Lifetime, Key Player Problem, Particle Swarm Optimization, Wireless Sensor Network.